Acid is lethal to E. coli. A splash of lemon juice or white vinegar in water can kill bacteria. But this is risky. You need enough acid to lower the pH to 4.0 or below. That’s a lot of lemon juice—like juicing half a dozen lemons per liter.
Yes, your water will taste like a sour candy. But it’s a quick fix in a pinch. Just don’t rely on it long-term. Your teeth will revolt. And your taste buds will file a complaint.